Energy efficiency enhancement in wireless sensor network: ant colony optimization

<p><span>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received significant scholarly attentionwithin the scientific community lately. The use of small and energy efficient devices with restricted computing capabilities has gained traction in various fields application, including environmental monitoring, target tracing, medical health observation. Node localization is a fundamental system parameter numerous applications. Categorizing hybrid solutions as either range-based or range-free poses challenge general. In this article, we aim to simplify classification process by examining schemes. There are two distinct classifications schemes, namely fully schemes Furthermore, conduct comparative analysis predominant efficiency measures WSN deliberate on prospective avenues for research WSNs deploying ant colony algorithm.</span></p>